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Effects of freeze-thaw cycles on the soil nutrient balances, infiltration, and stability of cyanobacterial soil crusts in northern China

机译：冻融循环对中国北方蓝藻土壤结皮土壤养分平衡，入渗和稳定性的影响

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abstract: AimsFreeze–thaw fluctuation is a natural phenomenon, which is frequently encountered by biological soil crusts (BSCs) in late autumn and early spring in cold deserts. The objective of our study was to investigate the effects of freeze–thaw cycles (FTCs) on the soil nutrient balances, infiltration, and stability of cyanobacterial soil crusts (CSCs) in the temperate desert region.MethodsA controlled incubation experiment was carried out to study the effects of diurnal freeze–thaw cycles (FTCs) on total soil carbon (TC), total soil nitrogen (TN), soil TC/TN, hydraulic conductivity, and strength of light and dark cyanobacterial crusts, respectively. Six successive diurnal FTCs were applied as three temperature regimes (i.e., six successive mild FTCs (mild), six successive severe FTCs (severe), three successive mild FTCs followed by three successive severe FTCs (medium)). The experiment intended to simulate natural temperature changes in one of the temperate regions of northern China.ResultsCompared with dark CSCs cores, light CSCs cores lost a greater proportion of nitrogen. For both crust cores, severe FTCs decreased TC and TN more than mild FTCs. However, TC and TN remained relative constant when CSCs cores were treated with severe FTCs after experiencing mild FTCs. TC and TN of both CSCs cores decreased in the earlier FTCs and then remained stable in the later FTCs. TC/TN increased significantly for light CSCs, but only changed slightly for dark CSCs after successive FTCs. The effects of FTCs on the hydraulic conductivity and strength of CSCs were not consistent with our expectations that FTCs would increase hydrological conductivity and decrease strength. These effects depended on crust type, FTC number, and freeze/thaw intensity. Increase in hydraulic conductivity and decrease in strength only occurred in severe treatment in the dark CSCs during the later FTCs.ConclusionsLight CSCs are more sensitive to FTCs than dark CSCs. Mild FTCs decrease less TC and TN than severe FTCs and mostly increase the stability of the CSCs. However, severe FTCs may decrease TC and TN drastically, thereby, degrading the BSCs.
机译：摘要：Aims冻融波动是自然现象，在寒冷的沙漠中，深秋和初春的生物土壤结皮（BSC）经常遇到这种现象。我们的研究目的是研究冻融循环（FTC）对温带沙漠地区土壤养分平衡，蓝细菌土壤结皮（CSCs）的渗透性和稳定性的影响。方法进行了控制孵育实验日冻融循环（FTC）对土壤总碳（TC），土壤总氮（TN），土壤TC / TN，水力传导率以及浅色和深色蓝细菌结壳强度的影响。六个连续的昼夜FTC被用作三个温度状态（即六个连续的轻度FTC（轻度），六个连续的重度FTC（重度），三个连续的轻度FTC（三重连续FTC）（中）。该实验旨在模拟中国北方温带地区之一的自然温度变化。结果与深色CSCs核相比，轻CSCs核损失了更多的氮。对于两个地壳核心，严重的FTC比轻度的FTC降低的TC和TN更大。然而，当经历轻度FTC后，用严重的FTCs处理CSCs核心时，TC和TN保持相对恒定。两个CSC核心的TC和TN在早期的FTC中下降，然后在以后的FTC中保持稳定。对于连续的FTC，浅色CSC的TC / TN显着增加，而暗色CSC的TC / TN仅略有变化。 FTC对CSC的水力传导率和强度的影响与我们对FTC会增加水文传导率并降低强度的预期不一致。这些影响取决于外壳类型，FTC数量和冻结/融化强度。结论在较暗的CSC中，水力传导率的增加和强度的降低仅发生在后期的FTC中。结论轻CSC对FTC的敏感度高于暗CSC。轻度FTC比重度FTC减少的TC和TN减少，并且大多数情况下增加了CSC的稳定性。但是，严重的FTC可能会大大降低TC和TN，从而使BSC降级。

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